8) Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills (EKAS): This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level, required for this unit. Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of developing HV and LV distribution protection systems. All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies. KS01-TDS43A HV and LV distribution protection systems Evidence shall show an understanding of the for the development of HV and LV distribution protection systems to an extent indicated by the following aspects: T1 OHS enterprise responsibilities encompassing: Provisions of relevant health and safety legislation Principles and practice of effective occupational health and safety management Management arrangements relating to regulatory compliance Enterprise hazards and risks, control measures and relevant expertise required Characteristics and composition of workforce and their impact on occupational health and safety management Relevance of enterprise management systems to occupational health and safety management Analysis of working environment and design of appropriate occupational health and safety management systems Analysis of relevant data and evaluation of occupational health and safety system effectiveness Assess resources to establish and maintain occupational health and safety management systems. T2 Principles of safe design encompassing: Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, standards, codes, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with safe design principles Particular reference to state and territory regulations regarding: working near energised conductors, electrical access, heights, confined space, testing procedures and licensing rules Application of safe design principles - safe design duty related information, safe design process related information and safe design evaluations T3 Installation of switchgear and associated equipment encompassing: Types and function of various switchgear: note; examples include isolators, air-break switches, gas-filled switches, vacuum type, links, fuses, oil disconnectors, fuse switches, circuit breakers, operating characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of different types switchgear, installation procedures, earthing, requirements and techniques Types of equipment - transformers, reactors, regulators, capacitors, relays, surge arrestors, fault indicators and mobile generators Installation procedures for switchgear and equipment encompassing: standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements, assembly and erecting procedures, earthing requirements and techniques and pole mounted locations Maintenance procedures for switchgear and equipment - diagnosing and rectifying faults according to electricity supply industry standards and procedures Testing and commissioning - electricity supply industry standards and procedures T4 Electrical equipment associated with distribution field device protection and control schemes encompassing: Types and applications of electrical equipment: characteristics and capabilities - schemes, automatic circuit reclosers (ACR’s), gas switches, secondary injection tests, primary injection tests, TMR Radio’s, SCADA, remote control, overcurrent, earth fault, sensitive earth fault, inverse time curves, definite time curves, tripping, reclose, DC supplies, AC supplies and alarms T5 Calculation of fault levels encompassing: Calculation of fault levels in symmetrical and asymmetrical fault conditions - types of faults, interconnected and radial systems, symmetrical components, representation of voltages and currents, sequence impedances of system plant, calculation/determination of sequence impedance networks, determination of operative sequence impedances, fault or arc impedances, first approximation techniques Interrupting device capabilities - determination of fault current breaking capability and let through energy capability of fuses and circuit breakers, DC offset and transient condition effects T6 Detailed operation and setting of discrete protection systems encompassing: Earth fault protection - master earth leakage schemes, sensitive earth fault relays and schemes, residual earth fault scheme, core balance earth fault scheme, frame/structure earth leakage scheme, time graded discrimination, backup protection Overcurrent protection - feeder overcurrent protection, instantaneous overcurrent schemes, inverse timed overcurrent schemes, types and location of components of an overcurrent scheme, CT summation, time graded discrimination, backup protection Alarms and controls - auxiliary relays, voltage regulating relays, line drop compensation, gas relay types, gas relay scheme operation and setting, over temperature schemes T7 Polyphase systems and its application towards the calculation of circuits’ conditions encompassing: Structure of a three phase system - components, sequence of phases and balanced and unbalanced load conditions Calculations of phase and line voltages for a specified phase sequence Calculation of voltage, current, power, power factor in a three phase system - balanced three phase systems, unbalanced delta connected loads, unbalanced four-wire star connected loads, unbalanced three-wire star connected loads and unbalanced four-wire star connected systems Calculation of the neutral displacement voltage in unbalanced three-wire star connected systems Selection and connection of meters to confirm calculations Control of harmonics - harmonic analysis of non-sinusoidal waves of voltage and current, production of harmonics in three phase power systems, effects of harmonics on three power systems and loads, types of harmonics commonly encountered on three phase power systems and identification by observation of harmonic components present in a waveform Calculation of effective value of non-sinusoidal waves Calculate the current/voltage in a complex load given a voltage/current with a Fourier analysis of up to 3 terms Pre-unit system in calculations - reasons for use, groups of parameters commonly represented, common applications of the per-unit system to represent device specifications and applications of per-unit quantities in simple electrical calculations Method of symmetrical components - reasons for the use, types of components used to represent a three phase system, reasons for difference in the impedance of a component to the various symmetrical components and commonly occurring relationships between different sequence impedances for common component groups T8 Protection schemes encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to protection schemes Types of protection schemes - reasons for use, application of protection zones around system elements and degree of protection Types of feeder protection equipment - over current protection inverse time-current operating characteristics Operation of over current protection equipment used on distribution systems Operation of ACRs and their time-current characteristics Types and characteristics of over-current relays Coordination methods of a distribution feeder protection scheme Earth fault protection used on a distribution feeder Operation of a single wire earth return (S.W.E.R) system |